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61.
J.S. Toms 《Critical Perspectives On Accounting》2010,21(1):96-103
The paper extends Marx's law of value to include the effects of risk. It shows how risk has its origins in the labour process and is transferred between labour and capital on an unequal basis and between capitals on a zero sum basis. An empirical test is then presented, which shows that the employment of labour increases risk from the point of view of the investing capitalist. The conclusion is that the employment of labour is a curate's egg from capital's point of view. On the one hand it is essential for the production of sustainable surplus value and therefore for competitive advantage and capital accumulation. On the other hand employment of labour renders such accumulation inherently risky and therefore commensurately more costly to the rational capitalist investor. 相似文献
62.
Richard J. Cebula 《International Advances in Economic Research》1998,4(4):374-383
This study investigates the relationship between nominal long-term interest rates and central government budget deficits during the post-Bretton Woods era in Italy. The analysis is based in an open-economy, loanable-funds framework. The cointegration results indicate, among other things, the existence of a long-term positive relationship between the long-term interest rate and the deficit. An earlier draft of this paper was presented at the Forty-Fourth International Atlantic Economic Society Conference in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, October 9–12, 1997. 相似文献
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In practice, multinational corporations (MNCs) and other international investors take into account a number of criteria in the process of evaluating a country's risk level. The most popular quantitative approach currently employed to evaluate a country's risk level applies a set of fixed (often equal) weights to the risk criteria employed. Unfortunately the criteria weights, since they are fixed, are the same for all investors and for all projects, regardless of their specific risk sensitivities. The approach developed in this paper allows international investors to rank the risk criteria themselves, according to both their importance and their relative clarity. Since investors' projects possess heterogeneous sensitivities to the various types of risk, they will, in general, rank the various criteria (risks) differently. This allows investors to determine a different optimal set of criteria weights and hence, to obtain individualized ratings (and hence, rankings) of the countries, which reflect the unique risk sensitivities possessed by each of their projects. 相似文献
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Rien J. L. M. Wagenvoort Paul H. Schure 《Oxford bulletin of economics and statistics》2006,68(2):183-201
We introduce a new panel data estimation technique for production and cost functions, the recursive thick frontier approach (RTFA). RTFA has two advantages over existing econometric frontier methods. First, technical inefficiency is allowed to be dependent on the explanatory variables of the frontier model. Secondly, RTFA does not hinge on distributional assumptions on the inefficiency component of the error term. We show by means of simulation experiments that RTFA outperforms the popular stochastic frontier approach and the ‘within’ ordinary least squares estimator for realistic parameterizations of a productivity model. Although RTFAs formal statistical properties are unknown, we argue, based on these simulation experiments, that RTFA is a useful complement to existing methods. 相似文献
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